Tag: toxicity
PDF version of “The Not-So Secret Ingredient: Stadis 450″ available
by qbit on Mar.04, 2009, under What are they?
I’ve uploaded a PDF version of The not-so-secret ingredient: Stadis 450 (dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, barium salt).
Millions were in germ war tests
by qbit on Feb.10, 2009, under In the News, What are they?
Antony Barnett, public affairs editor
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 21 April 2002 10.23 BST
Much of Britain was exposed to bacteria sprayed in secret trials.
The Ministry of Defence turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public.
A government report just released provides for the first time a comprehensive official history of Britain’s biological weapons trials between 1940 and 1979.
Many of these tests involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told.
While details of some secret trials have emerged in recent years, the 60-page report reveals new information about more than 100 covert experiments.
The report reveals that military personnel were briefed to tell any ‘inquisitive inquirer’ the trials were part of research projects into weather and air pollution.
The tests, carried out by government scientists at Porton Down, were designed to help the MoD assess Britain’s vulnerability if the Russians were to have released clouds of deadly germs over the country.
In most cases, the trials did not use biological weapons but alternatives which scientists believed would mimic germ warfare and which the MoD claimed were harmless. But families in certain areas of the country who have children with birth defects are demanding a public inquiry.
One chapter of the report, ‘The Fluorescent Particle Trials’, reveals how between 1955 and 1963 planes flew from north-east England to the tip of Cornwall along the south and west coasts, dropping huge amounts of zinc cadmium sulphide on the population. The chemical drifted miles inland, its fluorescence allowing the spread to be monitored. In another trial using zinc cadmium sulphide, a generator was towed along a road near Frome in Somerset where it spewed the chemical for an hour.
While the Government has insisted the chemical is safe, cadmium is recognised as a cause of lung cancer and during the Second World War was considered by the Allies as a chemical weapon.
In another chapter, ‘Large Area Coverage Trials’, the MoD describes how between 1961 and 1968 more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii , which mimics anthrax. These releases came from a military ship, the Icewhale, anchored off the Dorset coast, which sprayed the micro-organisms in a five to 10-mile radius.
The report also reveals details of the DICE trials in south Dorset between 1971 and 1975. These involved US and UK military scientists spraying into the air massive quantities of serratia marcescens bacteria, with an anthrax simulant and phenol.
Similar bacteria were released in ‘The Sabotage Trials’ between 1952 and 1964. These were tests to determine the vulnerability of large government buildings and public transport to attack. In 1956 bacteria were released on the London Underground at lunchtime along the Northern Line between Colliers Wood and Tooting Broadway. The results show that the organism dispersed about 10 miles. Similar tests were conducted in tunnels running under government buildings in Whitehall.
Experiments conducted between 1964 and 1973 involved attaching germs to the threads of spiders’ webs in boxes to test how the germs would survive in different environments. These tests were carried out in a dozen locations across the country, including London’s West End, Southampton and Swindon. The report also gives details of more than a dozen smaller field trials between 1968 and 1977.
In recent years, the MoD has commissioned two scientists to review the safety of these tests. Both reported that there was no risk to public health, although one suggested the elderly or people suffering from breathing illnesses may have been seriously harmed if they inhaled sufficient quantities of micro-organisms.
However, some families in areas which bore the brunt of the secret tests are convinced the experiments have led to their children suffering birth defects, physical handicaps and learning difficulties.
David Orman, an army officer from Bournemouth, is demanding a public inquiry. His wife, Janette, was born in East Lulworth in Dorset, close to where many of the trials took place. She had a miscarriage, then gave birth to a son with cerebral palsy. Janette’s three sisters, also born in the village while the tests were being carried out, have also given birth to children with unexplained problems, as have a number of their neighbours.
The local health authority has denied there is a cluster, but Orman believes otherwise. He said: ‘I am convinced something terrible has happened. The village was a close-knit community and to have so many birth defects over such a short space of time has to be more than coincidence.’
Successive governments have tried to keep details of the germ warfare tests secret. While reports of a number of the trials have emerged over the years through the Public Records Office, this latest MoD document – which was released to Liberal Democrat MP Norman Baker – gives the fullest official version of the biological warfare trials yet.
Baker said: ‘I welcome the fact that the Government has finally released this information, but question why it has taken so long. It is unacceptable that the public were treated as guinea pigs without their knowledge, and I want to be sure that the Ministry of Defence’s claims that these chemicals and bacteria used were safe is true.’
The MoD report traces the history of the UK’s research into germ warfare since the Second World War when Porton Down produced five million cattle cakes filled with deadly anthrax spores which would have been dropped in Germany to kill their livestock. It also gives details of the infamous anthrax experiments on Gruinard on the Scottish coast which left the island so contaminated it could not be inhabited until the late 1980s.
The report also confirms the use of anthrax and other deadly germs on tests aboard ships in the Caribbean and off the Scottish coast during the 1950s. The document states: ‘Tacit approval for simulant trials where the public might be exposed was strongly influenced by defence security considerations aimed obviously at restricting public knowledge. An important corollary to this was the need to avoid public alarm and disquiet about the vulnerability of the civil population to BW [biological warfare] attack.’
Sue Ellison, spokeswoman for Porton Down, said: ‘Independent reports by eminent scientists have shown there was no danger to public health from these releases which were carried out to protect the public.
‘The results from these trials_ will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons.’
Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: ‘It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research.’
Patent for seeding stratosphere with metal aerosol in jet fuel “to prevent global warming”
by qbit on Feb.08, 2009, under What are they?
While I’m skeptical that atmospheric CO2 is the primary cause of “global warming,” or that our earth is even warming at all (coldest winter in 50 years this year, in north america and china), I do strongly believe the 10-20% increase in the earth’s albedo (reflectivity) caused by chemtrail aerosol will have a significant cooling effect. Sunlight and water vapor are the primary driving forces of the earth’s surface temperature. CO2 makes up only .03% of our atmosphere (thats three-hundredths of a percent), and a tiny fraction of the primary greenhouse gas, water vapor.
-Qbit
United States Patent 5003186 [pdf]
A method is described for reducing atmospheric or global warming resulting from the presence of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, i.e., from the greenhouse effect. Such gases are relatively transparent to sunshine, but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth. The method incudes the step of seeding the layer of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere with particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity. Such materials include Welsbach materials and the oxides of metals which have high emissivity (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micron infrared wavelength regions.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a layer of gases in the atmosphere which absorb strongly near infrared wavelength radiation, comprising the step of dispersing tiny particles of a material within the gases’ layer, the particle material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said material has high emissivities with respect to radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra, and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum, whereby said tiny particles provide a means for converting infrared heat energy into far infrared radiation which is radiated into space.
2. The method of claim wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises thorium oxide.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said particles are dispersed by seeding the stratosphere with a quantity of said particles at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth’s surface.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the size of said particles is in the range of ten to one hundred microns.
7. The method of claim wherein said material comprises a refractory material.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/σabs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and σabs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.
10. A method for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer, comprising the following step:
seeding the greenhouse gases’ layer with a quantity of tiny particles of a material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum,
whereby said particles are suspended within said gases’ layer and provide a means for converting radiative energy at near infrared wavelengths into radiation at the far infrared wavelengths, permitting some of the converted radiation to escape into space.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is thorium oxide.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein said seeding is performed at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth’s surface.
15. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises a refractory material.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein said particle size is in range of ten to one hundred microns.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.
18. The method of claim 10 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/σabs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and σabs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method for the reduction of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect, and in particular to a method which involves the seeding of the earth’s stratosphere with Welsbach-like materials.
Global warming has been a great concern of many environmental scientists. Scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming. Greatly increased amounts of heat-trapping gases have been generated since the Industrial Revolution. These gases, such as CO 2 , CFC, and methane, accumulate in the atmosphere and allow sunlight to stream in freely but block heat from escaping (greenhouse effect). These gases are relatively transparent to sunshine but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth.
Most current approaches to reduce global warming are to restrict the release of various greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 , CFC, and methane. These imply the need to establish new regulations and the need to monitor various gases and to enforce the regulations.
One proposed solution to the problem of global warming involves the seeding of the atmosphere with metallic particles. One technique proposed to seed the metallic particles was to add the tiny particles to the fuel of jet airliners, so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. While this method would increase the reflection of visible light incident from space, the metallic particles would trap the long wavelength blackbody radiation released from the earth. This could result in net increase in global warming.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for reduction of global warming due to the greenhouse effect which permits heat to escape through the atmosphere.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method is disclosed for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer. The method comprises the step of seeding the greenhouse gas layer with a quantity of tiny particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength regions and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength region. Such materials can include the class of materials known as Welsbach materials. The oxides of metal, e.g., aluminum oxide, are also suitable for the purpose. The greenhouse gases layer typically extends between about seven and thirteen kilometers above the earth’s surface. The seeding of the stratosphere occurs within this layer. The particles suspended in the stratosphere as a result of the seeding provide a mechanism for converting the blackbody radiation emitted by the earth at near infrared wavelengths into radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength so that this heat energy may be reradiated out into space, thereby reducing the global warming due to the greenhouse effect.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a model for the heat trapping phenomenon, i.e., the greenhouse effect.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight incident on earth and of the earth’s blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired particle material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a model for the heat-trapping (greenhouse effect) phenomenon. It is assumed that the greenhouse gases are concentrated at altitudes between y=0 (at some altitude Y 1 , above the earth’s surface) and y=1. Regardless of the sunshine reflected back into space, i 1 and i 2 denote the shortwavelength sunlight energies that are absorbed by the earth’s surface and the greenhouse gases, respectively. Available data shows that i 1 =0.45 i sol and i 2 =0.25 i sol , where i sol is the total flux from the sun. The short wavelength sunlight heats up the greenhouse gases and the earth surface, and this energy is eventually reradiated out in the long wavelength infrared region.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight and the earth’s blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength. As illustrated, some 30% of the sunlight energy is in the near infrared region. The earth’s blackbody radiation, on the other hand, is at the far infrared wavelength.
Referring again to FIG. 1, I s , I + , I - , I g and I e represent the fluxes in the infrared wavelength region, where I s and I g are the fluxes reradiated by the greenhouse gases toward the sky and ground, respectively; I e is the flux reradiated by the earth; and I + and I - are fluxes within the gases radiating toward the space and ground, respectively. I + and I - are functions of y, e.g., I + (0) is the I + flux at y=0. Considering the principles of energy conservation and continuity at boundaries, the following relationships are obtained: I s =i 1 +i 2 (1) I s =I + (1)(1-R l ) (2) I - (1)=I + (1)R l (3) I + (0)=I - (0)R o +I e (1-R o ) (4) I g =I - (0)(1-R o )+I e R o (5) I e =I BB (T e )(1-R)+I g R (6) I e =i 1 +I g (7)
where R o , R l and R are the reflectivities at the y=0 and y=1 boundaries and at the earth’s surface. I BB (T e ) is the blackbody radiation flux at the earth’s temperature T e . Within the greenhouse gases’ layer, the energy equations are (dI + /dy)=I BB (T g )-αI + (8) -(dI - /dy)=I BB (T g )-αI - (9)
where I BB (T g ) is the blackbody radiation flux at the greenhouse gases’ temperature T g , and α is the absorption coefficient of the gases. The solutions of equations 8 and 9 are given by equations 10 and 11: I + (y)=(I BB /α)+Ce αy (10) I - (y)=(I BB /α)+De + αy (11)
To illustrate the effects of R o and R l on the green-house effect, the extreme case is considered wherein a high concentration of greenhouse gases has strong absorption in the infrared region; that is, for y=1, e - αl approaches 0. Then, using Equations 3 and 4, the relationships of Equations 12 and 13 are obtained. C=(I e -(I BB /α))(1-R o ) (12) D=0
From Equations 5 and 7, I e =i 1 +I - (0)(1-R o )+I e R o ,
or I e =(i 1 /(1-R o ))+(I BB /α). (14)
From Equations 2 and 1, I s =(I BB /α)(1-R l )=i 1 +i 2 ,
or (I BB /α)=(i 1 +i 2 )/(1-R l ). (15)
Combining Equations 14 and 15, the relationship of Equation 16 is obtained. I e =i 1 /(1-R o )+(i 1 +i 2 )/(1-R l )(16)
Finally, Equation 6 gives the blackbody radiation from the earth’s surface in terms of i 1 and i 2 and the three reflectivities: I e =I BB (T e )(1-R)+(I e -i 1 )R I BB (T e )=I e +(R/(1-R))i 1
or I BB (T e )=i 1 /(1-R o )+(i 1 +i 2 )/(1-R l )+(R/(1-R))i 1 (17)
To achieve a lower temperature of the earth, (considering i 1 , i 2 and R as constants), it is desirable to make R and R l as small as possible.
Known refractory materials have a thermal emissivity function which is strongly wavelength dependent. For example, the materials may have high emissivity (and absorption) at the far infrared wavelengths, high emissivity in the visible wavelength range, and very low emissivity at intermediate wavelengths. If a material having those emissivity characteristics and a black body are exposed to IR energy of equal intensity, the selective thermal radiator will emit visible radiation with higher efficiency (if radiation cooling predominates), i.e., the selective thermal radiator will appear brighter than the black body. This effect is known as the Welsbach effect and is extensively used in commercial gas lantern mantles.
Welsbach materials have the characteristic of wavelength-dependent emissivity (or reflectivity). For example, thorium oxide (ThO 2 ) has high emissivities in the visible and far IR regions but it has low emissivity in the near IR region. So, in accordance with the invention, the layer of greenhouse gases is seeded with Welsbach or Welsbach-like materials which have high emissivities (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micrometer infrared regions, which has the effect of reducing R o and R l while introducing no effect in the visible range.
A desired material for the stratospheric seeding has a reflection coefficient close to unity for near IR radiation, and a reflection coefficient close to zero (or emissity close to unity) for far IR radiation. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired material. Another class of materials having the desired property includes the oxides of metals. For example, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is one metal oxide suitable for the purpose and which is relatively inexpensive.
It is presently believed that particle sizes in the ten to one hundred micron range would be suitable for the seeding purposes. Larger particles would tend to settle to the earth more quickly.
The particles in the required size range can be obtained with conventional methods of grinding and meshing.
It is believed that the number of particles n d per unit area in the particle layer should be defined by Equation 18: n d 1≥1/σ abs (18)
where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and σ abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the long IR wavelengths. One crude estimate of the density of particles is given by Equation (19): n d 1≥(cmw)/(4πe 2 ) (19)
where c is the speed of light, m is the average particle mass, e is the electron charge, and w is the absorption line width in sec -1 .
The greenhouse gases are typically in the earth’s stratosphere at an altitude of seven to thirteen kilometers. This suggests that the particle seeding should be done at an altitude on the order of 10 kilometers. The particles may be seeded by dispersal from seeding aircraft; one exemplary technique may be via the jet fuel as suggested by prior work regarding the metallic particles. Once the tiny particles have been dispersed into the atmosphere, the particles may remain in suspension for up to one year.
It is understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of the possible specific embodiments which may represent principles of the present invention. Other arrangements may readily be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Video: Synthetic organism causing infection in humans
by qbit on Feb.03, 2009, under Morgellon's
Via http://silentsuperbug.com/
Good microscopy in these videos. Also check the reference site: http://silentsuperbug-reference.blogspot.com/
Exerpt from barium nitrate MSDS
by qbit on Jan.27, 2009, under What are they?
Exerpt from Barium Nitrate MSDS (or find your own)
Barium Nitrate
3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
————————–
DANGER! STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE. MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS MUSCLES (INCLUDING THE HEART), AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience)
———————————————————————————————————–
Health Rating: 3 – Severe (Poison)
Flammability Rating: 1 – Slight
Reactivity Rating: 3 – Severe (Oxidizer)
Contact Rating: 2 – Moderate
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES
Storage Color Code: Yellow (Reactive)
———————————————————————————————————–Potential Health Effects
———————————-Inhalation:
Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath. Systemic poisoning may occur with symptoms similar to those of ingestion.Ingestion:
Toxic! May cause tightness of the muscles of the face and neck, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, anxiety, weakness, labored breathing, cardiac irregularity, convulsions, and death from cardiac and respiratory failure. Estimated lethal dose lies between 1 to 15 grams. Death may occur within hours or up to a few days. May cause kidney damage.Skin Contact:
Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain.Eye Contact:
Causes irritation, redness, and pain.Chronic Exposure:
No information found.Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Persons with pre-existing skin and nervous system disorders or impaired respiratory or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance.
4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.Ingestion:
Get medical attention immediately. Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. After vomiting, a mixture of 1 tablespoon of sodium or magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) dissolved in 8 oz. of water to drink maybe indicated to precipitate the barium as the nontoxic and insoluble barium sulfate.Skin Contact:
Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention.Note to Physician:
Monitor patients with significant ingestion for respiratory, cardiovascular, and blood pressure status. Watch for cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure due to flaccid paralysis of respiratory muscles, pulmonary edema, vocal cord paralysis, severe hypertension, and late effect kidney failure. Acute barium poisoning results in hypokalemia. The administration of fluids containing dilute concentrations of potassium salts may be indicated.
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits:
For Soluble Barium Compounds:
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL):
0.5 mg (Ba)/m3
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):
0.5 mg (Ba)/m3 A4 – not classifiable as a human carcinogenVentilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):
If the exposure limit is exceeded, a full facepiece respirator with dust/mist filter may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.Skin Protection:
Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or
coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.Eye Protection:
Use chemical safety goggles. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
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Have you noticed anything unusual about jet aircraft contrails lately?
In the past, high altitude jet contrails dissipated quickly, and didn't form persistent horizon-to-horizon trails that later spread out into a blanket of silvery haze. How many days have you watched clear skies turned solid gray by chemtrails? Global dimming has been proven and is highly associated with chemtrails.
By whatever means the chemicals are being dispersed, whether as a fuel additive or spraying, and for whatever purpose(s), it's safe to say at this point that a semi-secret aerosol dispersal program exists, and a number of different chemicals are being released into the air using jet aircraft (including barium, aluminum, polymer fibers, and microorganisms). High altitude ice crystal formation increases around these nucleation sites, often resulting in stunning rainbows (chembows and sun dogs) of diffracted/refracted light, and pink and green dichroism.
The program is global in scope and is causing untold harm to our environment. It's time to recognize the mangnitude of this threat, and conduct some real diligent science and intelligence gathering that identifies conclusively the source and composition and impact of the release of this aerosol.
Science experiment to-do list:
1. Obtain a commercial sample of Stadis 450 and perform LCMS analysis for presence of metals associated with chemtrails.
2. Collect and analyze air samples from locations varying in proximity to major airports that use commercial jet fuel. Use blind labeling of samples and data. Look for any association between metal aerosol in air and proximity to airports.
3. Obtain high power gimball tracking telescope. Record chemtrail aircraft. Check trail dispersal pattern and plane for spray nozzles and spray or exhaust pattern behind aircraft that leave persistent chemtrails. Produce a video with wide angle time lapse and close-up overlay to show whether chemtrails are associated with spray pattern from nozzles or with exhaust gases.
